Dr. Bates is an Associate Professor of Microbiology at the University of Pennsylvania, where his group studies viral entry mechanisms. He is one of the world's foremost experts on retroviruses, and advises Integral on Lipoparticle production and characterization issues. Dr. Bates was one of the first investigators to demonstrate that a cellular membrane protein can be incorporated into a retrovirus. Subsequently, his lab was also one of the first to find that host cell viral receptors can be incorporated into and function within retroviral membranes. |