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Dr. Howard-Yana Shapiro was appointed Director of External Research of Mars, Incorporated in 2005, and has served as its Director of Plant Science since 2000. Mars, Incorporated operates in over 65 countries, with business units in snack food, pet care, main meal food, drinks, and electronics. Within Mars, Dr. Shapiro is responsible for plant genetics, integrated pest management/biological control of diseases, water conservation and the sustainability/production models for agroecological, agroforestry and agroeconmics of cacao. Aditionally, he is the Director of the Multi-Diciplinary Research Unit, a collaboration between Mars, Incorporated, and the University of California, Davis. In 1991, Dr. Shapiro joined Seeds of Change, a leading supplier of organic seeds, garden products, and speciality foods, as its Vice-President for Agriculture, and later served as its Vice-President of Commercial before leading the company’s acquisition by Mars, Incorporated in 1997. Dr. Shapiro has twice been named a Fulbright Scholar, twice a Ford Foundation Fellow, and was winner of the National Endowment for the Humanities Award. | 