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After receiving her PhD, Dr Julius began her career in 1975 as a project economist with the World Bank in Washington, where her work included oil and gas projects in a number of Asian and African countries. Between 1983 and 1986, she was managing director of Logan Associates, Inc., a small consulting group, and in 1986 she became director of the International Economics Programme at the Royal Institute of International Affairs (Chatham House). She was chief economist at the Royal Dutch Shell Group in London from 1989 until 1993 and then, between 1993 and 1997, chief economist at British Airways PLC. In 1995, she became chairman of British Airways Pension Investment Management Ltd. Between 1997 and 2001, Dr Julius was an independent member of the Bank of England’s Monetary Policy Committee. Since 2001, she has held a variety of non-executive appointments and, in 2003, she was appointed chairman of the Royal Institute of International Affairs. She is a non-executive director of Roche Holdings SA. Dr Julius was awarded a CBE in 2002 | 