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Arthur B. Laffer, Ph.D. has served as a member of our board of directors since December 1998. Dr. Laffer has been chairman of Laffer Associates, an economic research and financial consulting firm, since 1979; chief executive officer of Laffer Advisors Inc., a broker-dealer, since 1981; and chief executive officer of Laffer Investments, an investment management firm, since 1999. Dr. Laffer is a director of Jovian Holdings, Inc. and presently serves on the boards of directors of the following publicly traded companies: PETCO Animal Supplies, Inc., Nicholas Applegate Growth Equity Fund, OXiGENE, Inc., MPS Group, Inc. and Veolia Environnement. Dr. Laffer is a 1963 graduate of Yale University. Dr. Laffer received his M.B.A. in 1965 and his Ph.D. in economics in 1972, each from Stanford University. | 